Spring MVC

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1.Spring mvc

1.1、概念

spring mvc 是一个基于 java 实现了 web mvc 的轻量级 web 框架。

1.2、优点

简单，容易上手
灵活，容易扩展
性能优异

1.3、处理流程

2、spring mvc 入门案列

2.1、说明

spring mvc 案例需要建立的是 maven web 项目

2.1、依赖包

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<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>3.8.1</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>org.springframework</artifactId>
    <groupId>spring-aop</groupId>
    <version>3.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>org.springframework</artifactId>
    <groupId>spring-aspects</groupId>
    <version>3.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>org.springframework</artifactId>
    <groupId>spring-beans</groupId>
    <version>3.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>org.springframework</artifactId>
    <groupId>spring-context</groupId>
    <version>3.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>org.springframework</artifactId>
    <groupId>spring-context-support</groupId>
    <version>3.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>org.springframework</artifactId>
    <groupId>spring-core</groupId>
    <version>3.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>org.springframework</artifactId>
    <groupId>spring-expression</groupId>
    <version>3.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>org.springframework</artifactId>
    <groupId>spring-web</groupId>
    <version>3.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>org.springframework</artifactId>
    <groupId>spring-webmvc</groupId>
    <version>3.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.aopalliance</groupId>
    <artifactId>com.springsource.org.aopalliance</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
    <version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl标签包 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>jstl</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
    <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>

2.3、controller 层

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package controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class LoginController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        ModelAndView mve = new ModelAndView();
        mve.addObject("username", username);
        mve.setViewName("index");
        return mve;
    }
}

2.4、spring mvc 配置文件

spring 建议命名规则****-servlet.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
             xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
                                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
    <!-- 将url映射到具体的业务控制器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        <property name="mappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="login.do">login</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="login" class="controller.LoginController"></bean>
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <!-- InternalResourceViewResolver：用于支持servlet，jsp的解析 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 当jsp模板需要使用jstl标签库时，需要配置，没有则不需要配置 -->
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>
        <!-- 查找视图页面的前缀和后缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

2.5、web.xml

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<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <!-- spring mvc提供了防止乱码的过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- 前端控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 默认情况下，DispatcherServlet会寻找WEB-INF下命名规范为[servlet-name]-servlet.xml的文件。 -->
        <!-- 如果需要修改，就需要在servlet中添加<init-param></init-param> -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
     </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2.6、前端页面

login.jsp、一个简单的表单

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<body>
  <form action="login.do" method="post">
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td>用户名：</td>
        <td><input type="text" name="username" /></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>班级</td>
        <td><input type="text" name="clazz" /></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="提交" /></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
  </form>
</body>

index.jsp

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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*"%>
<!-- 导入jstl标签库 -->
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<!-- 开启el表达式 -->
<%@ page isELIgnored="false"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <title>Insert title here</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>输入用户：${username }</h1>
  </body>
</html>

2.7、测试及结果